Dental surgical instruments are a general term for a class of instruments used for oral treatment and restoration. These instruments can be subdivided into various types according to their uses and shapes. The following is a detailed description of dental surgical instruments:
one, oral knife, Chisel
- dental scalpel: Composed of a blade and a handle, the working end is a single-edged blade of various shapes and sizes, usually made of stainless steel, which can be reused. Cutting is mainly done in dental surgery. The common ones are gingival knife, water door knife, cement powder knife, silver Mercury carving knife, etc.
- Dental Chisel: It is a kind of cutting instrument, which is composed of a shank and a cutter head. The cutter head is a sharp cutting edge with an inclined surface and can be reused. Used in oral surgery to chisel bone or chisel bone connection, such as dental bone chisel, tooth enamel chisel, impacted tooth bone chisel, etc.
Second, oral scissors
- full crown shears: Composed of a pair of blades connected in the middle, with a ring handle, usually made of stainless steel, reusable. It is used to cut oral tissues in dental surgery, such as cutting excess gums and other soft tissues.
- Gingival scissors: It is also a commonly used cutting tool in dental surgery.
Three, oral forceps
- alveolar bite forceps: Composed of pliers beak, joint and pliers handle, usually made of stainless steel material, reusable. It is used for fixation, hemostasis, cutting and other operations in dental surgery, such as biting or trimming alveolar bone and surrounding tissues.
- Extraction forceps according to the position of the extracted tooth, the forceps beak has its own characteristics and is used for tooth extraction.
- Other pliers such as tongue pliers, cut off dental forceps, expanding forceps, etc., also play an important role in dental surgery.
Four, oral forceps, clip
- dental forceps: Composed of a pair of blades with overlapping tails, usually made of stainless steel, reusable. For dental examination and treatment of clamping, such as clamping cotton ball and accessories to wipe the operation area, check the degree of looseness of teeth. Common teeth with forceps, residual root forceps, long forceps.
- Oral clamp: Used to fix dental materials in the corresponding position of the teeth to prepare for tooth restoration, such as forming sheet clips.
Five, oral hook, needle
- oral hook: It is composed of a handle and a tip. The tip is curved and curved, which is used to open the oral soft tissue to expose the treatment site more, which is convenient for surgical operation. There are mainly jaw tissue hooks, mouth hooks, etc.
- Oral needle: Composed of a handle and a needle body, it is a needle-shaped instrument for treating the inside of the root canal. The needle body part is usually needle-shaped, hook-shaped or round-headed according to the use, and can be reused. It is used to explore the lesions of tooth surface, gums and other parts, and treat the dental pulp. There are mainly dental probe, abscess probe, periodontal pocket probe and so on.
VI. Other Common Instruments
- crown remover: Composed of head and handle, usually made of stainless steel, reusable. Used to remove metal crowns from teeth.
- Digger: A manual instrument composed of a handle and two working ends, usually made of stainless steel and reusable. It is used to remove the crown Pulp and The necrotic part of the gingiva when treating the pulp.
- Dental curette: Composed of a handle and a round spoon-shaped head end. The shape of the working end is a polished and passivated pointed spoon piece. The cross section is semi-circular. It is usually made of stainless steel and can be reused. It is used in oral surgery to pry off the root of the tooth or crush the root tip and scrape off the soft tissue.
- Mouth mirror: Composed of a handle and a mirror with or without a connecting rod, which can be reused. Mainly used for oral examination, can enhance the doctor’s vision.
- Dental periosteum separator, gum separator: Mainly composed of handle and head rod, which can be reused. It is used in oral surgery to separate soft tissue at a specified site.
- Teeth, T-shaped teeth, apical teeth: It is a screwdriver used when extracting teeth or roots. It is mainly used to pry loose teeth, pry off roots, residual roots, broken root tips, etc.
- Light grinder: A manual instrument used to remove excess repair material and can be reused. It is mainly used to press the filling material into the target position.
- Dental bone hammer: It is a manual dental instrument. The distal working end is a thin ridged cutting surface of various shapes, which can be reused. It is mainly used for cutting and smoothing in dental treatment.
- Cleaner, scraper: Composed of working end and handle, there are two types of single head and double head, which can be reused. Used to clean the surface of teeth tartar.
- Disposable dental irrigation needle consists of needle holder, connecting part, needle tube and sheath, and is matched with flushing appliance for dental oral flushing.
VII. Use and Maintenance
- recycling: Doctors or assistants should conduct preliminary decontamination of reusable medical equipment in time after diagnosis and treatment, and place them in a closed container for timely centralized recovery.
- Cleaning: The cleaning process includes rinsing, washing, rinsing and final rinsing. There are mechanical cleaning and manual cleaning and mechanical cleaning:
- manual cleaning: For delicate dental instruments, such as small forceps, forceps, needles, etc., manual cleaning may be more appropriate. This requires the use of special cleaning agents, through the brush and other tools to carefully clean each part of the instrument.
- Mechanical cleaning: For large, removable dental instruments, mechanical cleaning may be more efficient. This usually involves the use of dedicated cleaning equipment and cleaning agents, placing the instrument in a cleaning basket, and removing dirt and residue through the action of high-pressure water flow and cleaning agents.
- Disinfection and sterilization: The cleaned dental instruments must be strictly disinfected and sterilized to ensure their sterility. This typically involves the use of high temperature steam sterilizers or chemical disinfectants. High Temperature Steam Sterilizer can kill all microorganisms on the instrument, including bacteria, viruses and spores, through high temperature and high pressure steam. Chemical disinfectants can achieve disinfection by contacting microorganisms on the surface of the device and destroying its cell structure.
- Lubrication and maintenance: In order to maintain the good working condition of dental instruments and prolong their service life, they also need to be lubricated and maintained regularly. This includes the use of special lubricants to lubricate the active parts of the instrument, as well as the inspection and replacement of worn or damaged parts.
- Storage and Management proper storage and management is also an important part of dental equipment maintenance. The cleaned, disinfected and dried instruments should be stored in a dry and ventilated place to avoid damage to the instruments due to humidity and high temperature. At the same time, the instruments should be classified, labeled and numbered to facilitate management and search.
In summary, the maintenance and management of dental surgical instruments involves multiple links, including recycling, cleaning, disinfection and sterilization, lubrication and maintenance, and storage and management. These links are the key to ensure the sterile state, good working condition and prolong the service life of dental instruments. Through strict maintenance and management processes, patients can be provided with safer and more effective oral care services.